A lithium primary battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, in which the positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material and a conductive material, the positive electrode active material contains at least one of manganese dioxide and graphite fluoride, the conductive material contains carbon black, the carbon black contains a metal element in an amount of 0.02 atomic % or more and 0.4 atomic % or less, the negative electrode contains a lithium alloy, the lithium alloy contains magnesium, and the content of the magnesium in the lithium alloy is 0.01 mass % or more and 11 mass % or less.
