An example method includes selecting treatment assignments for operation of a system in an environment based on a causal model mapped to a probability distribution over possible treatment assignments, where the causal model measures causal relationships between the treatment assignments and a…
A system and methods for multivariant learning and optimization repeatedly generate self-organized experimental units (SOEUs) based on the one or more assumptions for a randomized multivariate comparison of process decisions to be provided to users of a system. The SOEUs are injected into the…
In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a thermal runaway protection film for a lithium ion battery, the film comprising at least one protection layer comprising at least one silicone and at least one silicate compound in an amount of at least 40 wt.-%, based on the total weight…
Described herein is method of making a multifunctional compound by starting with a H—(OR)—P(═O)(OR)and performed a series of reactions to form a functionalized phosphorous compound such as CF═CF—CFY—(OR)—P(═O)(OQ)(VIIA) CFXCF═CF—(OR)—P(═O)(OQ)(VIIB), or CFXCHFC(═O)—(OR)—P(═O)(OH)(VIB) Where: R is a…
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments. One of the methods includes identifying a procedural instance; selecting control settings for the procedural instance, comprising, for a…
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments. One of the methods includes repeatedly selecting, by a control system for the environment, control settings for the environment based on…
A fluoropolymer is described comprising pendent groups having the formula: —(CF)—(OCF)—(OCF)—SO—[NX—SO(CF)—SO]—NX—SO—Rf wherein Rf is a perfluoroether and Xand Xare independently cationic counterions. Also described are various articles including catalyst ink, polymer electrolyte membranes, and…
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments. One of the methods includes repeatedly selecting control settings for the environment based on (i) a causal model that identifies causal…
Methods of preparing a dry powder blend co-coagulating conductive carbon black particles and fibrillizable polytetrafluoroethylene particles from an aqueous dispersion and drying the co-coagulate are described. Dry powders prepared by such methods and electrodes prepared from such powders are also…
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments. One of the methods includes identifying a procedural instance; determining a temporal extent for the procedural instance based on temporal…
A display system includes a display panel configured to emit a polarized image light having a first polarization state and at least one emission spectrum having a full width at half maxima (FWHM). The display system includes a reflective polarizer configured to receive and reflect the polarized…
A system includes a personal protective equipment (PPE) configured to be worn by an agent. The PPE includes a sensor assembly comprising a radar device configured to generate radar data, a microphone configured to capture speech input from the agent, and an inertial measurement device configured to…
A mirror system for a side- or rear-view mirror of a vehicle includes a light absorbing layer and an optical film having a plurality of layers disposed on the light absorbing layer. For substantially normally incident light and a blue, green, and red wavelength range extending from about 420-485…
A battery assembly comprises an assembly housing, a plurality of battery modules disposed within the assembly housing and electrically coupled to a busbar, and at least one ceramifiable pad disposed within the assembly housing. Each battery module comprises a plurality of individual cells disposed…
The present disclosure provides a radiative cooling article including a white diffusely reflective microporous layer and a non-white color reflective mirror film having first and second optical layers. The white diffusely reflective microporous layer has a solar weighted reflectivity at normal…
A ceramifiable composition comprises a crosslinked silicone matrix retaining stabilizing components. The stabilizing components comprise subcomponents: a) at least one of an aluminosilicate clay, aluminum oxide, or a hydrate thereof; b) at least one of phosphorus pentoxide, a polyphosphate, an…
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining causal models for controlling environments. One of the methods includes obtaining data specifying baseline probability distributions for each of a plurality of controllable elements…
There is provided a method of controlling a powered air purifying respirator blower system to deliver a substantially uniform volumetric airflow to a user, the system comprising a fan powered by a battery in communication with a variable speed electric motor, the variable speed electric motor is…
A display system includes a display panel configured to emit polarized light having a first polarization state and substantially distinct blue, green and red emission spectra having respective blue, green and red full widths at half maxima (FWHMs). The display system includes a reflective polarizer…
Systems and methods for sensing, measuring, or monitoring the temperature of an electrical transmission line of an electrical cable, are provided. A temperature sensitive inductor is disposed in thermal contact with the electrical transmission line. The temperature of the electrical transmission…