Snowflake’s Horizon Context aims to give AI agents a common understanding of the business

As enterprises move from AI experimentation to production deployments, one challenge is becoming increasingly apparent: AI systems are only as reliable as the business context they operate in.

Snowflake is attempting to address that problem with Horizon Context, a new set of semantic and metadata-management capabilities, currently in preview, that it unveiled Tuesday at its annual Snowflake…

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Tumbleweed Monthly Update - May 2026

May delivered a steady cadence of openSUSE Tumbleweed snapshots across the major desktop stacks with KDE Gear 26.04.1, KDE Frameworks 6.26.0, Plasma 6.6.5 and GNOME 50 minor releases. Mesa made a couple leaps with the 26.1 series with the new Vulkan 1.4 Application Programming Interfaces, and the Linux kernel progressed from 7.0.5 through 7.0.9 with significant security and driver fixes.…

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PostGIS is the geospatial extension for PostgreSQL. It adds geometry and geography data types, hundreds of spatial functions, spatial indexes (GiST, SP-GiST, BRIN), and conformance to the OGC Simple Features standard. PostGIS is the de facto open-source geospatial database, used by mapping platforms, logistics systems, and any application that asks "what is near here".

What it provides

*…

pgvector is the popular PostgreSQL extension that adds a vector column type, distance operators, and approximate nearest-neighbour indexes for similarity search over embeddings. It turns any PostgreSQL database into a vector database, removing the operational overhead of running a separate ANN store for many RAG and recommendation workloads.

What it provides

  • vector(N) column type. Stores…
Replication

Database replication is the practice of keeping multiple copies of the same data on different nodes for availability, durability, and read scaling. Almost every production database runs with at least one replica; the design choices are around topology, synchronisation, and failover.

Common topologies

  • Primary-replica (master-slave). One node accepts writes, replicas follow. Standard in…

Sharding is the practice of horizontally partitioning a dataset across multiple database instances so each shard holds a subset of the data and serves a subset of the load. Sharding is the standard answer when a single database server cannot keep up with storage, read throughput, or write throughput.

How it works

A shard key (one or more fields) determines which shard each row or document…

Document Database

A document database stores data as self-contained documents (typically JSON or BSON) grouped into collections, instead of as rows in tables with strict schemas. Each document carries its own structure, allowing fields to vary across documents in the same collection.

Why document storage

  • Schema flexibility. Fields can be added without migrations; documents in the same collection can have…

NoSQL is an umbrella term for databases that depart from the strict relational, SQL-based, table-and-row model. The category emerged in the late 2000s as web-scale applications needed horizontal scaling and flexible schemas that traditional relational systems struggled to provide. NoSQL is not a single technology but four broadly recognised families.

The four families

  • Document. JSON-like…

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) describes the class of database workloads characterised by many short-lived, latency-sensitive transactions: row-level reads and writes that back interactive applications. OLTP contrasts with OLAP (Online Analytical Processing), where queries scan large fractions of historical data for analytics.

OLTP characteristics

  • Short transactions. A few row reads…
MVCC

Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) is a concurrency mechanism in which writers do not block readers and readers do not block writers. Instead of locking rows for the duration of a transaction, the database keeps multiple versions of each row, and each transaction sees a consistent snapshot of the data as of its start time.

How it works

Every row carries internal metadata about which…

ACID is the set of guarantees a database transaction provides: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability. ACID is the bedrock contract that makes relational databases trustworthy for financial, inventory, identity, and other workloads where partial or inconsistent state is unacceptable.

What each letter means

  • Atomicity. A transaction either completes entirely or has no effect. There is…

MySQL is one of the most widely deployed open-source relational databases, especially common in web stacks and as the storage layer behind countless WordPress, Rails, and PHP applications. It is owned by Oracle, with two prominent community forks: MariaDB (separate project since 2010) and Percona Server (a drop-in replacement with operational tooling).

Key features

  • InnoDB engine. The…

SQL (Structured Query Language) is the declarative language for defining, querying, and manipulating relational databases. Despite decades of speculation about its replacement, SQL remains the dominant data interface across analytics, transactional systems, and increasingly across distributed and embedded databases.

Statement categories

  • DDL (Data Definition Language): CREATE, ALTER, DROP…
Vector Database

A vector database is a storage system optimised for similarity search over high-dimensional vectors, typically embeddings. Given a query vector, it returns the closest vectors in the corpus using an approximate nearest-neighbour index, alongside any associated metadata.

How it works

Vector databases index embeddings using approximate nearest-neighbour (ANN) algorithms such as HNSW, IVF, ScaNN,…

Ruby on Rails (or just Rails) is a server-side web framework written in Ruby and released in 2004. Rails popularised the "convention over configuration" philosophy, the MVC pattern in web frameworks, and the idea that one developer could build a complete production application in days. GitHub, Shopify, Basecamp, and many SaaS products are built on Rails.

Core pieces

  • Active Record. The ORM…
ORM

An ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) is a library that translates between application objects and relational database rows. ORMs handle query construction, parameter binding, result hydration into objects, schema migrations, and relationship navigation, so applications can work with domain objects instead of raw SQL strings.

Common ORMs by language

  • JavaScript / TypeScript: Prisma, Drizzle,…

MongoDB is an open-source document database that stores data as BSON documents grouped into collections. Each document is a self-contained JSON-like object with a flexible schema.

Key features

  • Flexible schema. Documents in the same collection can have different shapes; no migrations to add fields.
  • Aggregation pipeline. Query and transformation framework supporting grouping, joins…
[$] Lessons on attracting new contributors from 30 years of PostgreSQL

The PostgreSQL project has been chugging along for decades; in that time, it has become a thriving open-source project, and its participants have learned a thing or two about what works in attracting new contributors. At FOSDEM 2026, PostgreSQL contributor Claire Giordano shared some of the lessons learned and where the project is still struggling. The lessons might be of interest to others who…

ไมโครซอฟท์กำลังจะหยุดซัพพอร์ต Azure Data Studio ในวันที่ 28 ก.พ. นี้

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ไมโครซอฟท์กำลังจะหยุดซัพพอร์ต Azure Data Studio เครื่องมือจัดการฐานข้อมูลตระกูล SQL Server เน้นงานคิวรี่ข้อมูลที่สามารถใช้งานได้หลายแพลตฟอร์มทั้งวินโดวส์, แมคและลินุกซ์ ในวันที่ 28 ก.พ. นี้ แม้ว่าจะเคยประกาศแผนการจะพัฒนา Azure Data Studio ให้มีความสามารถทัดเทียมกันกับ SQL Management Studio ที่มีฟีเจอร์ต่างๆ…

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